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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXXV

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
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THEODOSIUS THE GREAT.
392-395.
The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.
They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.
Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXXV

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THEODOSIUS THE GREAT.
Line 2
392-395.
Line 3
The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.
Line 4
They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.
Line 5
Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Again noun US /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.”

Come noun US /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.”

GREAT noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THEODOSIUS THE GREAT.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Make noun US /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.”

Soon noun US /soon/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.”

Splendor noun US /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

392

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 392-395.

395

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 392-395.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

againnounUS /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Alps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Arbogastes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

attack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

battle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

Bridge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

chief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

churches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

collected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

comenounUS /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

Constantine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

Cross

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Emperor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

ensign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

Eugenius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Frank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

GREATnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THEODOSIUS THE GREAT.

guard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

heathen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

image

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

imperial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

Julian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

Jupiter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

killed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

knew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

Labarum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

marched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

Milan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Milvian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

passes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

philosopher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

placed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

pomp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

prepared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

resistance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

restored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

set

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

soon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

splendornounUS /ˈsplen.dər/

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

stable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

temples

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THEODOSIUS THE GREAT.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

THEODOSIUS

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From this reading THEODOSIUS THE GREAT.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

threatening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Thundering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

troops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

turn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

Valentinian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Theodosius had collected his troops and marched under the Labarum--that is to say, the Cross of Constantine, which had been the ensign of the imperial army ever since the battle of the Milvian Bridge.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Frank, Arbogastes, who had killed Valentinian did not make himself Emperor, but set up a heathen philosopher called Eugenius, who for a little while restored all the heathen pomp and splendor, and opened the temples again, threatening even to take away the churches and turn the chief one at Milan into a stable.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading They knew that Theodosius would soon come to attack them, so they prepared for a great resistance in the passes of the Julian Alps, and the image of the Thundering Jupiter was placed to guard them.