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Young Folks' History of Rome
Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXX

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES.
96--194.
Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.
He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.
He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Young Folks' History of Rome

Chapter XXX

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES.
Line 2
96--194.
Line 3
Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.
Line 4
He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.
Line 5
He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.”

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.”

Spoiled adjective US /spɔɪld/

given too much comfort or indulgence

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

Though conjunction US /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading “Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

194

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 96--194.

96

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 96--194.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

AGE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

Antioch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

ANTONINES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES.

Apostles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

Bishop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

bred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

Caesar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

Caesars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

Christianity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

Cocceius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

die

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

Domitian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

Emperor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

enacted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

esteemed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

gods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

highly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

Ignatius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

incense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

Nerva

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES.

offer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

restore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

Roman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

senator

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

son

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had no son, and a highly esteemed old senator named Cocceius Nerva became Emperor.

spirit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

spoiledadjectiveUS /spɔɪld/

given too much comfort or indulgence

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

superstition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

temper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE AGE OF THE ANTONINES.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

tried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

twelve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

upright

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Domitian is called the last of the twelve Caesars, though all who came after him called themselves Caesar.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was an upright man, who tried to restore the old Roman spirit; and as he thought Christianity was only a superstition which spoiled the ancient temper, he enacted that all should die who would not offer incense to the gods, and among these died St. Ignatius, Bishop of Antioch, who had been bred up among the Apostles.