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The Art of War: Complete 13 Chapters
The Art of War: Complete 13 Chapters

Chapter X

XII.

Chapter 10, section 1: 1. Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting h
Context Illustration Reading 1/117 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
1.
Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.
2.
When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.
[So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Art of War: Complete 13 Chapters

Chapter X

Reading 1/117 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1.
Line 2
Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.
Line 3
2.
Line 4
When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.
Line 5
[So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Art auxiliary verb US /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.”

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “[So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “[So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “[So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

afforded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

anxious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

battle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

chieftain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

children

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

contentious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

desperate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

difficult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

direction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

Dispersive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

facile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

fighting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

hemmed-in

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

highways

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

homes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

intersecting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

likely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

near

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

nine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

opportunity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

recognises

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

scatter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

seize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

serious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

Sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

territory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

Tzŭ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

varieties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

war

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The art of war recognises nine varieties of ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground of intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) difficult ground; (8) hemmed-in ground; (9) desperate ground.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When a chieftain is fighting in his own territory, it is dispersive ground.

wives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [So called because the soldiers, being near to their homes and anxious to see their wives and children, are likely to seize the opportunity afforded by a battle and scatter in every direction.

Chapter Quiz

What is the central narrative or theme conveyed in this section of Chapter 12: The Attack by Fire (Hỏa Công)?

Which core linguistic virtue or character attribute is emphasized in this passage?

According to the text: "XII....", what tone does the author establish?

Shadowing Practice

Narrator: XII.
Narrator: "At the head of