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The Art of War: Complete 13 Chapters
The Art of War: Complete 13 Chapters

Chapter IV

TACTICAL DISPOSITIONS [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition." T

Chapter 4, section 1: [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each oth
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."
Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.
Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."
Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.
Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Art of War: Complete 13 Chapters

Chapter IV

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."
Line 2
Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.
Line 3
Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."
Line 4
Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.
Line 5
Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Beyond preposition US /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading “Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.”

Good noun US /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.”

Part noun US /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “[Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."”

Secret noun US /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading “Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

armies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

become

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

chapter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

Chinese

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

Conceal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

condition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

countermarching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

defeat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

defeating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

discovered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

discovering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

dispositions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

enemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

explains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

fighters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

general

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

goodnounUS /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

Hsi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

Kung

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

leads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

marching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

meaning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

meet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

modifying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

Mu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

opportunity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

other's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

partnounUS /part/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

patent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

possibility

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

put

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

remain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

remarks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

says

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

secure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

show

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

success

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

Sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

tactics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

title

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

Ts'ao

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

Tu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Tu Mu says: "It is through the dispositions of an army that its condition may be discovered.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

Tzŭ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

victory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

view

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

waited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sun Tzŭ said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.

Wang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wang Hsi remarks that the good general can "secure success by modifying his tactics to meet those of the enemy."] 1.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Ts’ao Kung explains the Chinese meaning of the words for the title of this chapter: "marching and countermarching on the part of the two armies with a view to discovering each other’s condition."

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Conceal your dispositions, and your condition will remain secret, which leads to victory; show your dispositions, and your condition will become patent, which leads to defeat."

Chapter Quiz

What is the central narrative or theme conveyed in this section of Chapter 04: Tactical Dispositions (Hình Thế)?

Which core linguistic virtue or character attribute is emphasized in this passage?

According to the text: "IV....", what tone does the author establish?

Shadowing Practice

Narrator: IV.
Narrator: conquering." Mei Yao-ch’en says: "He who only sees the obvious, wins