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Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence
Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Chapter II

Chapter 2, section 1: What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatn
Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.
This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.
It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.
It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.
The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence

Chapter II

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.
Line 2
This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.
Line 3
It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.
Line 4
It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.
Line 5
The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.”

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.”

Between preposition US /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.”

Dead noun US /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.”

Duty noun US /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading “It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.”

Equally noun US /ˈequally/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.”

Think noun US /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

actual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

arduous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

become

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

better

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

concerns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

conforming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

crowd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

deadnounUS /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

distinction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

easy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

equallynounUS /ˈequally/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

force

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

greatness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

harder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

independence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

intellectual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

keeps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

meanness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

midst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

objection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

opinion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

perfect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

rule

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

scatters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

serve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

solitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

sweetness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

thinknounUS /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

usages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The objection to conforming to usages that have become dead to you is that it scatters your force.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

whole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

world's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the independence of solitude.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It is the harder because you will always find those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.

Chapter Quiz

What is the central philosophical inquiry and narrative progression in 'Act 02: The Wisdom of Self-Reliance and Spiritual Independence — The Resolution & The Eternal Truth'?

How does the prose style reflect classical academic excellence?

What primary language acquisition value does this text offer advanced English scholars?