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AdeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ae
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/
later than; following
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
ai
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ajee
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
amang
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
andeterminerUS /æn/
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
ane
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
any
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
asconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
au
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
auld
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
aw
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
beauxiliary verbUS /biː/
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/
earlier than; in front of
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
blind
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
bookie
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading “_What tongue does your auld bookie speak_?”
bower
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
brither
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
butconjunctionUS /bʌt/
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ByprepositionUS /baɪ/
showing who or what does the action
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
close
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
COMMON
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
consonant
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
dodges
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From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/
the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading “_What tongue does your auld bookie speak_?”
doubled
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
dung
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
E
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ea
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ee
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ei
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/
one or the other of two
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
English
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
exceptions
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
FAR
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
Find
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From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
grin
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
guide
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
hardly
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
heather
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
Heaven
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
heirnounUS /er/
A person legally or magically entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
IpronounUS /aɪ/
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ie
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/
on condition that; in the event that
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
itpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
It's
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
kite
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
labyrinth
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
lair
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
law
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
lear
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
Lies
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
luve
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
mair
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
MAKER
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
mangled
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
maymodal verbUS /meɪ/
used to say something is possible, or to give permission
From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
mepronounUS /miː/
the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
mere
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
more
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
much
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
nearly
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
O
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
oa
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
OFprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/
To move from a closed position.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
other
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ou
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ow
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
Perplexed
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
please
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
poornounUS /poor/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
possible
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
POSTERITY
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
preterite
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From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
pretty
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
professor
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
pronounced
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From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
puir
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
R
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
rare
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
read
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
reader
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
remark
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From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
rhyme
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From this reading Find the blind, I may remark, are pronounced to rhyme with the preterite of grin.
richt
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
ripin
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
rouch
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
roughly
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From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
s
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From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
sair
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
say
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
Scots
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
SCOTTISH
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
see
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔrt/
brief or direct in expression
From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
shouther
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
some
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
SOUNDS
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
speak
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading “_What tongue does your auld bookie speak_?”
stillnounUS /still/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
TABLE
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
there's
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
thinknounUS /think/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
throu'ther
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
throughnounUS /ˈthrough/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
time's
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
tonguenounUS /tongue/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading “_What tongue does your auld bookie speak_?”
u
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
ui
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
usually
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading But in Scots it dodges usually from the short I, as in grin, to the open E, as in mere.
VOWEL
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
wain
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
wepronounUS /wiː/
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
wean
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
whatpronounUS /wʌt/
used to ask for information about something
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
WhenconjunctionUS /wen/
at the time that
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
withprepositionUS /wɪð/
in the company of; together with
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
wrang
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
y
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
years
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
yont
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
youpronounUS /juː/
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
young
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading I—THE MAKER TO POSTERITY FAR ’yont amang the years to be When a’ we think, an’ a’ we see, An’ a’ we luve, ’s been dung ajee By time’s rouch shouther, An’ what was richt and wrang for me Lies mangled throu’ther, It’s possible—it’s hardly mair— That some ane, ripin’ after lear— Some auld professor or young heir, If still there’s either— May find an’ read me, an’ be sair Perplexed, puir brither!
yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/
belonging to the person or people being spoken to
From this reading “_What tongue does your auld bookie speak_?”
ü
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading TABLE OF COMMON SCOTTISH VOWEL SOUNDS ae, ai open A as in rare. a’, au, aw AW as in law. ea open E as in mere, but this with exceptions, as heather = heather, wean = wain, lear = lair. ee, ei, ie open E as in mere. oa open O as in more. ou doubled O as in poor. ow OW as in bower. u doubled O as in poor. ui or ü before R (say roughly) open A as in rare. ui or ü before any other (say roughly) close I as in grin. consonant y open I as in kite. i pretty nearly what you please, much as in English, Heaven guide the reader through that labyrinth!
