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The Works of Voltaire, Vol. IV of XLIII. — Vol. III
The Works of Voltaire, Vol. IV of XLIII. — Vol. III

Chapter XI · If Non-Toleration Is Agreeable to the Law of Nature and of Society

Cover illustration for The Works of Voltaire, Vol. IV of XLIII. — Vol. III
Context Illustration Reading 1/2 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.
You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.
You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.
The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.
“Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Works of Voltaire, Vol. IV of XLIII. — Vol. III

Chapter XI · If Non-Toleration Is Agreeable to the Law of Nature and of Society

Reading 1/2 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.
Line 2
You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.
Line 3
You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.
Line 4
The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.
Line 5
“Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Believe noun US /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Brought noun US /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.”

Canst modal verb US /kænst/

an old form of “can”, used with “thou”

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Hands plural noun US /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading “You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Ought modal verb US /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading “You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.”

Right noun US /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.”

Shalt modal verb US /ʃælt/

an old form of “shall”, used with “thou”

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Thee pronoun US /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Thou pronoun US /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Throughout preposition US /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Unto preposition US /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

Wouldst modal verb US /wʊdst/

an old form of “would”, used with “thou”

From this reading ““Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?””

All words in this reading · 79

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

agreeably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

BelievenounUS /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

benefactor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

broughtnounUS /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

canstmodal verbUS /kænst/

an old form of “can”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

case

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

child

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

die

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

earth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

foundation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

gratitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

handsplural nounUS /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

kept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

labor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

law

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

mankind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

nature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

owes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

parent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

points

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

principle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

productions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

promise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

raised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

received

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

respect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

rightnounUS /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

shaltmodal verbUS /ʃælt/

an old form of “shall”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

society

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The law of society can have no other foundation in any case than on the law of nature.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

thyself

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

universal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The law of nature is that which nature points out to all mankind.

wouldstmodal verbUS /wʊdst/

an old form of “would”, used with “thou”

From this reading “Do not that to another which thou wouldst not he should do unto thee,” is the great and universal principle of both throughout the earth; now, agreeably to this principle, can one man say to another: “Believe that which I believe, and which thou thyself canst not believe, or thou shalt die?”

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You have brought up a child, that child owes you a respect as its parent, and gratitude as its benefactor.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You have a right over the productions of the earth which you have raised by the labor of your own hands; you have given and received a promise; that promise ought to be kept.