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The wonders of science
The wonders of science

Chapter XV

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).
Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.
“In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.
The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.
Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The wonders of science

Chapter XV

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).
Line 2
Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.
Line 3
“In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.
Line 4
The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.
Line 5
Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.”

Continued noun US /ˈcontinued/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

Mind noun US /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading ““In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.”

Whatever determiner US /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading “Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.””

All words in this reading · 82

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

appears

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

bear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

circumstances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

clouds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

coat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

colour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

coloured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

continuednounUS /ˈcontinued/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

depends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

directions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

discover

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

emit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

eye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

eyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

fields

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

flower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

formation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

green

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

hue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

Humphry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

images

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

Indeed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

LIGHT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

merely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

mindnounUS /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

objects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

off

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

pictorial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

proceeding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

rays

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

red

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

reflect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

REFRACTION

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

representations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

sends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

sister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

soldier's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

sought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

summer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

throw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

tint

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Indeed every flower, whatever may be its tint, is seen by us coloured as it is merely because the rays of light proceeding from it are of the _same hue as the flower itself appears in our eyes_.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.

white

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soldier’s coat appears red to us, because it sends _red rays to the eye_; the fields are green, because they emit rays of _green light_; and the summer clouds are white, because the light they reflect to us is of _that colour_.

WONDERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WONDERS OF THE REFRACTION OF LIGHT (_continued_).

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “In the first place,” said he to his sister, “you must bear in mind that all objects throw off from them, in all directions, rays of light, which are of the _same colour_ as the objects themselves.

Young

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Young Humphry now sought to discover the circumstances upon which the formation of images, or pictorial representations of objects, depends.