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The Whites and the Blues
The Whites and the Blues

Chapter XXXIX

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
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THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.
The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.
Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.
Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.
Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Whites and the Blues

Chapter XXXIX

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.
Line 2
The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.
Line 3
Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.
Line 4
Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.
Line 5
Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Amid preposition US /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading “Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.”

Answered noun US /ˈanswered/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.”

Course noun US /course/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.”

Entirely noun US /ˈentirely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.”

LAST noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.”

Meanwhile noun US /ˈmeanwhile/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

abandoned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

AmidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

answerednounUS /ˈanswered/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

beating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

BULLETIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

cannon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

ceased

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

cherished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

conviction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

coursenounUS /course/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

drums

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

encompassed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

entirelynounUS /ˈentirely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

fainter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

forced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

gradually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

grew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

heard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

hope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

hour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

join

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

LASTnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

MeanwhilenounUS /ˈmeanwhile/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

musketry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

retreat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

Roland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

shouts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

sound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

sounding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

sounds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

supported

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

town

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

trumpets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amid the other sounds which encompassed him, Roland even thought that he heard the sound of the drums and trumpets sounding and beating the retreat.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

victory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

volleys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then the volleys of musketry and cannon gradually grew fainter, until they had ceased entirely in the course of an hour.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Then, as we have said, all these sounds ceased.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The shouts of victory which had answered their own became fainter and fainter, and then died away.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE LAST BULLETIN Meanwhile Roland and his men, and those who had gone into the town to join him, having cherished for a time the hope that they were to be supported, were at last forced to the conviction that they had been abandoned.