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The Whites and the Blues
The Whites and the Blues

Chapter XXXII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/56 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.
Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.
On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.
On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.
This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Whites and the Blues

Chapter XXXII

Reading 1/56 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.
Line 2
Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.
Line 3
On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.
Line 4
On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.
Line 5
This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

26th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

abide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

addresses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

anniversary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

apartments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

assembled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

attachment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

Augereau

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

Barras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Bonaparte's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

bore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

Bourbons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Cadoudal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

campaign

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

cannon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

cast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

celebration

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

charged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

choosing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

citizen-directors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

commander-in-chief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

continue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

corresponded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

de

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

departure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

desperate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

die

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

drawn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

enemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

erected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

eve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

eye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

flags

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

FRUCTIDOR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

grand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

hope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

Italy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

July

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

latter's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

leave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Marie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Medicis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

mentioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

message

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

Messidor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

Milan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

names

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

necessary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

officers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

pause

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Pichegru

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

pile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

protested

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

pyramid

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From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

received

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

remaining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

Republic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

Republicans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

respective

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

SEVENTH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

soldiers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

square

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

struggles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

surrounded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

trophies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the grand square at Milan a pyramid had been erected and surrounded by trophies taken from the enemy, that is to say, the flags and cannon.

turns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

vanquished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

victor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Barras had received Bonaparte's message, with which Augereau was charged.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading This pyramid bore the names of all the officers and soldiers who had died during the campaign in Italy.

willingness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE SEVENTH FRUCTIDOR Let us leave Cadoudal to continue his desperate struggles against the Republicans, victor and vanquished by turns, and, with Pichegru--the last remaining hope of the Bourbons--let us cast an eye upon Paris, and pause before the pile erected by Marie de Medicis, where the citizen-directors still abide in the respective apartments we have mentioned.

young

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the eve of the latter's departure, the young commander-in-chief, choosing the anniversary of the 14th of July, which corresponded to the 26th Messidor, had assembled the army for a celebration, and had had addresses drawn up in which the soldiers of the Army of Italy protested their attachment to the Republic and their willingness to die for it if necessary.