Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Way to the West, and the Lives of Three Early Americans
The Way to the West, and the Lives of Three Early Americans

Chapter XII

Cover illustration for The Way to the West, and the Lives of Three Early Americans
Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.
The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.
The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.
We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.
None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Way to the West, and the Lives of Three Early Americans

Chapter XII

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.
Line 2
The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.
Line 3
The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.
Line 4
We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.
Line 5
None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

AGAINST preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.”

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.”

Ancient adjective US /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading “We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.”

Center noun US /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading “The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.”

None pronoun US /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading “None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

16

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

1810

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

aristocracy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

aristocrat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

begun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

better

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

classified

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

corn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

develop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

distinct

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

exactly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

fathers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

fellow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

flat-boats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

frontier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

hollow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

Indians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

Kentucky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

killed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

less

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

linsey-woolsey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

Louisiana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

Maine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

New

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

NonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

Ohio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

Orleans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

population

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

pounded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

primitive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

produce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

roof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

section

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

site

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

slanted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

States

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

stump

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

United

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

Washington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The center of population was almost exactly on the site of the city of Washington.

WATERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

ways

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

weapon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

West

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The West was a distinct section, and it was a section that had begun to develop an aristocracy.

Western

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AGAINST THE WATERS[16] In 1810 the Western frontier of the United States slanted like the roof of a house from Maine to Louisiana.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading None the less we had among us an aristocrat, a man who classified himself as better than his fellow men.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.

wore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We still wore linsey-woolsey in Kentucky; still pounded our corn in a hollow stump in Ohio; still killed our Indians with the ancient weapon of our fathers; still took our produce to New Orleans in flat-boats; still were primitive in many ways.