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The Saga of Grettir the Strong
The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XXXIV · Thorbjorn's Foster-Mother

Cover illustration for The Saga of Grettir the Strong
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.
She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.
Now she seemed to have lost it all.
Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.
It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Saga of Grettir the Strong

Chapter XXXIV · Thorbjorn's Foster-Mother

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.
Line 2
She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.
Line 3
Now she seemed to have lost it all.
Line 4
Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.
Line 5
It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Although noun US /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.”

Christian noun US /ˈchristian/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.”

Forbidden adjective US /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading “It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Now she seemed to have lost it all.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Now she seemed to have lost it all.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

althoughnounUS /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

Angle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

Christian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

exile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

forbiddenadjectiveUS /fərˈbɪd.ən/

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

foster-mother

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

heathen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

heathendom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

law

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

lost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

magic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

mankind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

minor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

Now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

openly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

perform

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

performed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

private

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

rites

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

sacrifice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Now she seemed to have lost it all.

sentenced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

skilled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

sparks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

StillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

Thorbjorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

Thurid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thorbjorn Angle had a foster-mother named Thurid.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

use

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile.

witchcraft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.

young

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen.