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The provincial American and other papers
The provincial American and other papers

Chapter III

Cover illustration for The provincial American and other papers
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.
I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.
The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.
The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.
To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The provincial American and other papers

Chapter III

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.
Line 2
I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.
Line 3
The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.
Line 4
The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.
Line 5
To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.”

Determined adjective US /dɪˈtɜrmɪnd/

having firmly decided to do something

From this reading “To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.”

Faithful noun US /ˈfaithful/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.”

Honest adjective US /ˈɑnɪst/

truthful and trustworthy

From this reading “The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

absolutely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

additional

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

adduced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

Andover

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

arouses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

attention

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

average

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

birth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

Briggs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

case

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

Christ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

churches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

clergyman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

connection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

controversy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

criticism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜrmɪnd/

having firmly decided to do something

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

diligent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

dogma

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

doubt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

doubtless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

draws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

enjoyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

entertains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

established

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

evidence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

experiments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

faithfulnounUS /ˈfaithful/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

following

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

heresy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

hold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑnɪst/

truthful and trustworthy

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

important

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

Jesus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

layman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

likely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

merely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

proceedings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

psychical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

questions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

reading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

researchers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

resurrection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

servant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

student

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My reading in church history, dogma, and criticism has been about that of the average layman.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

trials

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have enjoyed following the experiments of the psychical researchers, and have been a diligent student of the proceedings of heresy trials.

unfrock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To unfrock him merely arouses controversy, and draws attention to questions that can never be absolutely determined by any additional evidence likely to be adduced.

value

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

virgin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

warier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Andover case and the Briggs controversy once seemed important, and they doubtless were, but they established nothing of value.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The churches are warier of heresy trials than they were; and in this connection I hold that a clergyman who entertains an honest doubt as to the virgin birth or the resurrection may still be a faithful servant of Jesus Christ.