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The Man of Letters as a Man of Business
The Man of Letters as a Man of Business

Chapter I

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.
I do not think any man ought to live by an art.
A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.
There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.
Most of all, the artist himself feels this.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Man of Letters as a Man of Business

Chapter I

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.
Line 2
I do not think any man ought to live by an art.
Line 3
A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.
Line 4
There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.
Line 5
Most of all, the artist himself feels this.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Art auxiliary verb US /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading “I do not think any man ought to live by an art.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.”

Free adjective US /friː/

acting without enough restraint or discipline

From this reading “A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Most of all, the artist himself feels this.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.”

Ought modal verb US /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading “I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.”

Something pronoun US /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading “There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.”

Think noun US /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

artist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of all, the artist himself feels this.

avouched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

bread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

confusion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

daily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

earned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

economic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

evennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

exception

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

feel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

feels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of all, the artist himself feels this.

fitness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

freeadjectiveUS /friː/

acting without enough restraint or discipline

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

grotesque

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Most of all, the artist himself feels this.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

impious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

instinctive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

living

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

man's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

midst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

Most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Most of all, the artist himself feels this.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I do not think any man ought to live by an art.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

otherwise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

picture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

poem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

privilege

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

profane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

proven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

provide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

results

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A man's art should be his privilege, when he has proven his fitness to exercise it, and has otherwise earned his daily bread; and its results should be free to all.

sense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

society

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

statue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

taking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

thinknounUS /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There is an instinctive sense of this, even in the midst of the grotesque confusion of our economic being; people feel that there is something profane, something impious, in taking money for a picture, or a poem, or a statue.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

warrant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

willingness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think that every man ought to work for his living, without exception, and that when he has once avouched his willingness to work, society should provide him with work and warrant him a living.