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The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York
The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York

Chapter I

Cover illustration for The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.
Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.
Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.
Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."
Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York

Chapter I

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.
Line 2
Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.
Line 3
Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.
Line 4
Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."
Line 5
Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Alexander noun US /ˈalexander/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."”

Different noun US /ˈdifferent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."”

Even noun US /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."”

Several noun US /ˈseveral/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

11239

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

1719

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

521

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

561

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

5902

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

6328

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

6936

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

account

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

Adventures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

Alexander

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

Angelic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

available

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

countless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.

Crusoe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

Crusoe's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

Daniel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

Defoe's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

differentnounUS /ˈdifferent/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

e-books

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

Editorial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

EvennounUS /even/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

four

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

Further

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

Gutenberg's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

https

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

included

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

including

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

incorporated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

island

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

library

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

marooned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

names

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

notes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

Numerous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.

Ocean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

Pacific

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

Project

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

published

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

Robinson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

Selkirk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

Several

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

stories

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

subsequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.

tale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

tales

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

usually

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

Various

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

versions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.

Vision

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Editorial notes: Daniel Defoe's tale of Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Numerous--almost countless-- versions were published subsequently.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.

World

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Various tales have been included in the different versions, usually under the names of "The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," "The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe," and "Robinson Crusoe's Vision of the Angelic World."

www

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Several are available in Project Gutenberg's library, including our e-books #521, 561, 5902, 6328, 6936, and 11239 (https://www.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even an account of the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, who was marooned for four years on an island in the Pacific Ocean, has been incorporated into some versions of the Robinson Crusoe stories.