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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XII · Devils Against Devils

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Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.
Only one shirt remained to him.
For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”
At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.
The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter XII · Devils Against Devils

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.
Line 2
Only one shirt remained to him.
Line 3
For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”
Line 4
At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.
Line 5
The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.”

Having auxiliary verb US /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading “At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?””

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.”

None pronoun US /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading “During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Only one shirt remained to him.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Only one shirt remained to him.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

asking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

bread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

Cerizet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

clothes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

cold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

counterpane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

cutting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

extreme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

formed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

garret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

infamy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

la

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

landlady's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

laths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

loaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

measured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

moment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

morsels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Only one shirt remained to him.

Only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only one shirt remained to him.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

pardoned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

partner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

Peyrade's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

poverty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

prison

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

projects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

relate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Only one shirt remained to him.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

severely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

shirt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only one shirt remained to him.

stayed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

useless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

want

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At this moment it was that his former partner came to him, having just left prison, pardoned.

weather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For three days he lived on one loaf of bread, cutting it into measured morsels, and asking himself, “What am I to do?”

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

wrapped

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The projects which the two men then formed before a fire of laths, one wrapped in his landlady’s counterpane, the other in his infamy, it is useless to relate.

wretched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the extreme poverty of la Peyrade’s first years in Paris, none but Cerizet had ever gone to see him in the wretched garret where, in severely cold weather, he stayed in bed for want of clothes.