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The Lesser Bourgeoisie
The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter II · The History of a Tyranny

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.
He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.
He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.
When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.
“What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Lesser Bourgeoisie

Chapter II · The History of a Tyranny

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.
Line 2
He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.
Line 3
He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.
Line 4
When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.
Line 5
“What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ““What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.”

Question noun US /ˈquestion/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading ““What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.”

Readily noun US /readily/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.”

Resign noun US /resign/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.”

Right noun US /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.”

Third noun US /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading ““What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1830

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

authority

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

become

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

calculated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

clerk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

companion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

d'Argenteuil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

department

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

disposal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

enjoyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

events

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

fall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

far

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

finance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

floor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

forced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

formerly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

francs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

future

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

glad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

honorably

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

hope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

hundred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

immediately

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

July

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

lodging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

Louis-Jerome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

lowest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

Madame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

Mademoiselle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

ministry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

Monsieur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

mutual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

new-comers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

office

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

paid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

pension

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

position

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

prudent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

put

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

questionnounUS /ˈquestion/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

readilynounUS /readily/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

resignnounUS /resign/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

resigning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

rightnounUS /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

rue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

scarcely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

service

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

seventeen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

shrewdly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

sister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

sub-director

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

subaltern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

talked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

terror

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

thereof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

thirdnounUS /third/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

Thuillier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

trembled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

twenty-six

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

Villele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was right; for a pension of seventeen hundred francs was paid to him immediately.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When the prudent sub-director first talked of resigning, his sister, who was far more the companion of his life than his wife, trembled for his future.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “What will become of Thuillier?” was a question which Madame and Mademoiselle Thuillier put to each other with mutual terror in their little lodging on a third floor of the rue d’Argenteuil.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He calculated, shrewdly enough, that his pension would be honorably and readily given by the new-comers, glad to have another office at their disposal.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the fall of the Villele ministry, Monsieur Louis-Jerome Thuillier, who had then seen twenty-six years’ service as a clerk in the ministry of finance, became sub-director of a department thereof; but scarcely had he enjoyed the subaltern authority of a position formerly his lowest hope, when the events of July, 1830, forced him to resign it.