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The Jungle
The Jungle

Chapter XXVII

Cover illustration for The Jungle
Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.
He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.
He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.
He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.
Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jungle

Chapter XXVII

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.
Line 2
He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.
Line 3
He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.
Line 4
He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.
Line 5
Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.”

Make noun US /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.”

Mysterious adjective US /mɪˈstɪriəs/

difficult to explain or understand

From this reading “He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.”

Nay exclamation US /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading “Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

able

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

actions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

animal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

chances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

claws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

command

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

common

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

consequences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

crippled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

cut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

dared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

destruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

easily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

escape

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

herd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

hide

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

impunity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

job

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

Jurgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

literally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

living

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

longer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

lost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

marked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

mingle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

difficult to explain or understand

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

NayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

outcast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

PoornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

shell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

shorn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

steal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

torn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

tramp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

wanted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Poor Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more.

weapons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

whereby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

wild

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was crippled—he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd.

worse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction.