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The Jungle
The Jungle

Chapter XXI

Cover illustration for The Jungle
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
That was the way they did it!
There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!
It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.
They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!
It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jungle

Chapter XXI

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That was the way they did it!
Line 2
There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!
Line 3
It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.
Line 4
They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!
Line 5
It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.”

Dead noun US /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.”

Half noun US /half/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!”

Till preposition US /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

closed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

deadnounUS /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading That was the way they did it!

die

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

fault

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

forever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

halfnounUS /half/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

happen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

happened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

harvesting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

hour's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading That was the way they did it!

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

machines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

needed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

nobody's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

otherwise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.

savings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That was the way they did it!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading That was the way they did it!

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading That was the way they did it!

thousands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

turned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

wait

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

warning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That was the way they did it!

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That was the way they did it!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

winter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was nobody’s fault—that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die.

wore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

works

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was not half an hour’s warning—the works were closed!

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out!

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever.