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The Jungle
The Jungle

Chapter XVII

Cover illustration for The Jungle
Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.
Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.
Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.
At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.
Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Jungle

Chapter XVII

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.
Line 2
Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.
Line 3
Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.
Line 4
At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.
Line 5
Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.”

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.”

Cell noun US /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading “At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.”

Duty noun US /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading “At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.”

Foot noun US /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.”

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.”

Nothing pronoun US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading “At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.”

Soon noun US /soon/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

accustomed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

afterward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.

allowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

anxiously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

apart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

back

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

cells

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

cement-walked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

court

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

crowded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.

cut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

door

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

dope

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

duffers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

a responsibility that must be carried out

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

faithfully

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

filthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

footnounUS /foot/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

get

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

glass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

guards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

heavy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

HerenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

hours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

inmates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.

interposed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

jail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.

Jurgis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

keeper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

o'clock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

off

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

performed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

prisoner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

prisoners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

roofed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

screens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

seven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

shirk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

side

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

Soon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

Then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

visitors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

wash

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

watched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

water

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At seven o’clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed.

wire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then he had more “duffers and dope,” and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass.