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The Iron Heel
The Iron Heel

Chapter XVII · The Scarlet Livery

Cover illustration for The Iron Heel
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.
They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.
The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.
Congress and the Senate were empty pretences, farces.
Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Iron Heel

Chapter XVII · The Scarlet Livery

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.
Line 2
They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.
Line 3
The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.
Line 4
Congress and the Senate were empty pretences, farces.
Line 5
Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.”

Disappeared noun US /ˈdisappeared/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.”

Done noun US /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

according

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

Congress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

constitutional

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

creatures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

debated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

destruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

disappearednounUS /ˈdisappeared/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

empty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Congress and the Senate were empty pretences, farces.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

farces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Congress and the Senate were empty pretences, farces.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

forms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

give

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

Granger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

Grangers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

gravely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

Heel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

Iron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

knew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

mandates

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

minority

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

near

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

Oligarchy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

pitiful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

places

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

pretences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Congress and the Senate were empty pretences, farces.

procedure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

Public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

questions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

reality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

Senate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Congress and the Senate were empty pretences, farces.

socialists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

stamp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

states

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

treason

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

tried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The socialists were in a pitiful minority, and they knew that their end was near.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were being tried for high treason, and their places were taken by the creatures of the Iron Heel.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Public questions were gravely debated and passed upon according to the old forms, while in reality all that was done was to give the stamp of constitutional procedure to the mandates of the Oligarchy.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the destruction of the Granger states, the Grangers in Congress disappeared.