Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
adeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/
later than; following
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
airs
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
also
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From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/
surrounded by; in the middle of a group
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
apart
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
asconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
audacitynounUS /ɑːˈdæs.ə.t̬i/
A willingness to take bold risks; insolent and daring boldness that defies all authority.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
beauxiliary verbUS /biː/
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/
for the reason that
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/
earlier than; in front of
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/
the -ing form of “be”
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
broughtnounUS /ˈbrought/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
butconjunctionUS /bʌt/
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
byprepositionUS /baɪ/
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
changing
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
chapter
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
College
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
common
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
company
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
continuednounUS /ˈcontinued/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
contrary
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
day
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
days
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
described
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
Discovery
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
dwell
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
enjoined
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
evennounUS /even/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
evening
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/
all the members of a group, with none left out
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
fantastic
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
food
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
foundnounUS /found/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
garments
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
gathered
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
gentlemennounUS /gentlemen/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
gentlewomen
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
give
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
gloried
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
GreatnounUS /great/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
habits
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
Holy
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
idle
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
imagination
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/
moving to the inside of something
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading WHAT IS LOVE?
ItpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
lastnounUS /last/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
lawful
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
lost
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
LOVE
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading WHAT IS LOVE?
made
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
meals
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
meet
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
Museum
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
NayexclamationUS /neɪ/
an old word for “no”
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
nightly
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
now
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
old
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
only
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
others
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
Past
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
People
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
persons
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
practice
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
presently
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
procured
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
remembered
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
repetition
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
restnounUS /rest/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
scenes
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
soconjunctionUS /soʊ/
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
some
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/
of the kind already mentioned
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
superiority
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
suppersnounUS /ˈsuppers/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading Nay, they even procured food and made suppers for themselves, contrary to the practice of common meals enjoined by the Holy College; they gloried in being a company apart from the rest; and because they remembered the Past, they had the audacity to give themselves, but only among themselves, airs of superiority.
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
theirdeterminerUS /ðer/
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
thempronounUS /ðem/
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/
used when the people doing the action are also its object
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
there
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
theypronounUS /ðeɪ/
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
thirty
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
together
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
unhappy
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
WHATpronounUS /wʌt/
used to ask for information about something
From this reading WHAT IS LOVE?
whopronounUS /huː/
which person or people
From this reading They presently found others among the People, who had also been gentlewomen and gentlemen in the old days, and brought them also into the company; so that there were now, every evening, some thirty gathered together.
wornverbUS /wɔːrn/
Damaged or thinned by continuous use.
From this reading These unhappy persons continued to meet day after day in the Museum; after changing their lawful garments for the fantastic habits worn before the Great Discovery, they lost themselves nightly in the imagination of the Past.
wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/
used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past
From this reading It would be idle to dwell upon the repetition of such scenes as those described in the last chapter.
