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adeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/
later than; following
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
ammunition
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
asconjunctionUS /æz/
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
assistance
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
astute
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
atprepositionUS /æt/
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
attacked
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From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
back
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
base
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
blowing
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
boats
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Britons
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
byprepositionUS /baɪ/
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
calamity
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From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
coast-defence
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Commanded
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
dawn
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From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
defenders
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/
the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
down
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Edinburgh
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
Exultant
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
fearless
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
fell
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
fighting
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
force
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
foundnounUS /found/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
four
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
FRIGHTFUL
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From this reading FRIGHTFUL SLAUGHTER OUTSIDE GLASGOW.
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
GLASGOW
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From this reading FRIGHTFUL SLAUGHTER OUTSIDE GLASGOW.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
hard
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
heart
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From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
husbanded
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
inadequately
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Indeed
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From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
ItpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
leftnounUS /left/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Leith
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
lose
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
loyal
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From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
misfortune
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
morrow
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
most
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
national
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
notadverbUS /nɑːt/
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
number
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
ordernounUS /order/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/
belonging to the speaker and others
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
OUTSIDEnounUS /ˈoutside/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading FRIGHTFUL SLAUGHTER OUTSIDE GLASGOW.
overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/
above and across; more than
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
protected
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
provisions
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
result
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Russian
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
Russians
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From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
sacking
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
sad
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
seizing
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From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
severely
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
ships
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
SLAUGHTER
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From this reading FRIGHTFUL SLAUGHTER OUTSIDE GLASGOW.
soon
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
succeeded
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
success
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
suddenlynounUS /ˈsuddenly/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
swooping
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
theirdeterminerUS /ðer/
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/
used when the people doing the action are also its object
From this reading Indeed, soon after dawn the Russians found themselves severely attacked.
theypronounUS /ðeɪ/
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
torpedo
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
town
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
transports
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
troops
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
up
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/
a formal word for “on”
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
very
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading Commanded as they were by Britons, astute, loyal, and fearless, they, after fighting hard, fell back from Edinburgh in order, and husbanded their force for the morrow.
whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/
during the time that
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
withprepositionUS /wɪð/
in the company of; together with
From this reading Exultant over their success, they had, while sacking Edinburgh, left their base at Leith very inadequately protected, with the result that the defenders, swooping suddenly down upon the town, succeeded, with the assistance of four coast-defence ships and a number of torpedo boats, in blowing up most of the Russian transports, and seizing their ammunition and provisions.
yetconjunctionUS /jet/
but in spite of that
From this reading It was a sad misfortune, a national calamity; yet our troops did not lose heart.
