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The Great War in England in 1897
The Great War in England in 1897

Chapter XIX

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.
The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.
No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.
From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.
Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Great War in England in 1897

Chapter XIX

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.
Line 2
The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.
Line 3
No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.
Line 4
From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.
Line 5
Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

Outside noun US /ˈoutside/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

150,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

50,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

advantages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

AgainstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

apparent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

battle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

BIRMINGHAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

British

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

combat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

contested

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

deadly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

defending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

defensive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

desperately

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

Empire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

engagement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

FALL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.

fearful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

fierce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

fight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

fighting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

force

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

furious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

invaders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

magnificent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

majority

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

moment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

necessarily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

numbers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

occupied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

occurred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

outsidenounUS /ˈoutside/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

overwhelming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

positions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

possessing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

reason

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

Russians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

sides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

struggle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.