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The Great War in England in 1897
The Great War in England in 1897

Chapter XVII

Cover illustration for The Great War in England in 1897
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.
Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.
Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.
British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.
Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Great War in England in 1897

Chapter XVII

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.
Line 2
Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.
Line 3
Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.
Line 4
British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.
Line 5
Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.”

HELP noun US /help/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.”

Waste noun US /weɪst/

an empty, uncultivated area of land

From this reading “Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

bitter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

British

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

brutality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

butchered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

COLONIES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.

Cossacks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

crushed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

dark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.

Days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.

desecrated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

despair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

determination

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

dismal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.

dispiriting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

enormous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

everywhere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

fiendish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

fierce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

fight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

forces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.

gaiety

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

Grim-visaged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

Hampshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

hearts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

HELPnounUS /help/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.

homes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

hunger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

invaders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

joy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

laid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

lives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

mercilessly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

mingled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

mowed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

OURdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading HELP FROM OUR COLONIES.

overwhelmed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Days passed--dark, dismal, dispiriting.

patriotism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

powerless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

ravaging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

rushed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

sacrificed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

sadness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

shattered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

Sussex

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

sweeping

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

sword

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading British homes had been desecrated, British lives had been sacrificed, and through the land the invaders rushed ravaging with fire and sword.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

towns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

tracts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

War

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

wastenounUS /weɪst/

an empty, uncultivated area of land

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

Whole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Whole towns had been overwhelmed and shattered, great tracts of rich land in Sussex and Hampshire had been laid waste, and the people, powerless against the enormous forces sweeping down upon them, had been mercilessly mowed down and butchered by Cossacks, whose brutality was fiendish.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Grim-visaged War had crushed all joy and gaiety from British hearts, and fierce patriotism and determination to fight on until the bitter end mingled everywhere with hunger, sadness, and despair.