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The Forty-Five Guardsmen
The Forty-Five Guardsmen

Chapter XIX

Cover illustration for The Forty-Five Guardsmen
Context Illustration Reading 1/69 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.
The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.
When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.
It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.
I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Forty-Five Guardsmen

Chapter XIX

Reading 1/69 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.
Line 2
The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.
Line 3
When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.
Line 4
It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.
Line 5
I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.”

Myself pronoun US /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading “It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

clouds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

DE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

duchess

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

eagerly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

expressions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

fellow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

finished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

follows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

gave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

LETTER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

M

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.

MAYENNE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.

Mayneville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

punished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

read

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

received

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

seized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

SISTER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

sky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

sword

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LETTER OF M. DE MAYENNE.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

tried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

various

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When she had finished, she gave it to Mayneville to read.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The duchess seized the letter, opened it, and read it eagerly, while various expressions passed over her face, like clouds over the sky.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was as follows: "MY SISTER--I tried to do myself the work I should have left to others, and I have been punished for it.

wound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I have received a sword wound from the fellow whom you know.