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The Firm of Girdlestone
The Firm of Girdlestone

Chapter XXI

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Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BREAKING GROUND.
In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.
The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.
It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.
He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firm of Girdlestone

Chapter XXI

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BREAKING GROUND.
Line 2
In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.
Line 3
The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.
Line 4
It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.
Line 5
He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.”

Body noun US /body/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.”

Come noun US /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.”

John noun US /john/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.”

Mind noun US /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.”

Surprised noun US /surprised/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

aged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

bodynounUS /body/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

BREAKING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BREAKING GROUND.

Change

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

comenounUS /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

commented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

constitution

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

fight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

Girdlestone's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

glass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

GROUND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BREAKING GROUND.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

haggard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

heart-weary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

impending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

inefficacy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

iron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

John

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

late

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

London

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

mindnounUS /mind/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

misfortune

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

moralists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

presented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

probable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

remarked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

satisfaction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

shattered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

smooth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

spite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

stoical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

surprisednounUS /surprised/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

temporary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

trader's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

unhappy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

vanity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

visage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

weakened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The long fight against impending misfortune had shattered his iron constitution and weakened him both in body and in mind.

wealth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was surprised himself when he looked in the glass at the change which had come over him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

whole

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In spite of John Girdlestone's temporary satisfaction and the stoical face which he presented to the world, it is probable that in the whole of London there was no more unhappy and heart-weary man.

wrinkles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was remarked upon 'Change how much he had aged of late, and moralists commented upon the vanity and inefficacy of the wealth which could not smooth the wrinkles from the great trader's haggard visage.