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The Firm of Girdlestone
The Firm of Girdlestone

Chapter XI

Cover illustration for The Firm of Girdlestone
Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A SLIGHT MISUNDERSTANDING.
The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.
To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.
He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.
Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Firm of Girdlestone

Chapter XI

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SLIGHT MISUNDERSTANDING.
Line 2
The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.
Line 3
To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.
Line 4
He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.
Line 5
Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Across preposition US /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading “He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.”

Disposition noun US /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

the way something is arranged or positioned

From this reading “To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.”

Terrible noun US /ˈterrible/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SLIGHT MISUNDERSTANDING.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

barrier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

bitter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

blow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

chafed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

difficulties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

the way something is arranged or positioned

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

easily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

encountered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

Ezra

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

failure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

finances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

firm's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

former

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

Girdlestone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

MISUNDERSTANDING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A SLIGHT MISUNDERSTANDING.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

Now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

obstacles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

overbearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

poverty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

raged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

real

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

revelation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

SLIGHT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A SLIGHT MISUNDERSTANDING.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

tempestuous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

terriblenounUS /ˈterrible/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

tread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The revelation of the real state of the firm's finances was a terrible blow to Ezra Girdlestone.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To a man of his overbearing, tempestuous disposition failure and poverty were bitter things to face.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Now he encountered a great barrier which could not be passed so easily, and he raged and chafed before it.

wont

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been wont to tread down before him all such little difficulties and obstacles as came across him in his former life.