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The Covered Wagon
The Covered Wagon

Chapter XXXI

Cover illustration for The Covered Wagon
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GEE--WHOA--HAW!
Midsummer in the desert.
The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.
The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.
A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Covered Wagon

Chapter XXXI

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GEE--WHOA--HAW!
Line 2
Midsummer in the desert.
Line 3
The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.
Line 4
The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.
Line 5
A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.”

Dead noun US /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.”

Parchment noun US /ˈpɑːrtʃ.mənt/

A stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, used for writing.

From this reading “The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

alive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

appeared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

bodies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

bone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

cactus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

cattle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

crackling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

crickets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

deadnounUS /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

desert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Midsummer in the desert.

dogs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

eastern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

floor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

GEE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GEE--WHOA--HAW!

grassy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

HAW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GEE--WHOA--HAW!

horned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Midsummer in the desert.

loathsomely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

marked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

Midsummer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Midsummer in the desert.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

parchmentnounUS /ˈpɑːrtʃ.mənt/

A stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, used for writing.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

Plains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

prairie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

rattlesnake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

replaced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

road

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

sands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

scarcely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

scourge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

shifting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Midsummer in the desert.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

toad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The horned toad, the cactus, the rattlesnake long since had replaced the prairie dogs of the grassy floor of the eastern Plains.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

wheels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A scourge of great black crickets appeared, crackling loathsomely under the wheels.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.

WHOA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GEE--WHOA--HAW!

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The road now, but for the shifting of the sands, would have been marked by the bodies of dead cattle, in death scarcely more bone and parchment than for days they had been while alive.