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The Count of Monte Cristo
The Count of Monte Cristo

Chapter XIX

After having passed with tolerable ease through the subterranean passage, which, however, did not admit of their holding themselves erect, the two friends reached the further end of the corridor, into which the abbé’s ce

Chapter 19, section 1: On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened f
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.
Everything was in readiness.
A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.
No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.
Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Count of Monte Cristo

Chapter XIX

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.
Line 2
Everything was in readiness.
Line 3
A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.
Line 4
No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.
Line 5
Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

length noun US /leŋθ/

a period of time or extent

From this reading “On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.”

Collocations
On theA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
the bedA source-grounded phrase from this reading.
All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

accustomed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

barrier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

beneficent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

blessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

breathed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

came

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

canvas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

cheerful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

clasp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

companion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

cost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

Dantès

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

Edmond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Everything was in readiness.

existence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

eyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

faintly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

Faria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

Faria's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

folds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

form

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

friend

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

full

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

illuminated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Everything was in readiness.

intimately

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

lengthnounUS /leŋθ/

a period of time or extent

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

longer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

looknounUS /look/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

mysteries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

pale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

penetrating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

placed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A barrier had been placed between Dantès and his old friend.

readiness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Everything was in readiness.

rude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

sack

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

stiffened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

stretched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

turnkey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

wide-open

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No longer could Edmond look into those wide-open eyes which had seemed to be penetrating the mysteries of death; no longer could he clasp the hand which had done so much to make his existence blessed.

winding-sheet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

window

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the bed, at full length, and faintly illuminated by the pale light that came from the window, lay a sack of canvas, and under its rude folds was stretched a long and stiffened form; it was Faria’s last winding-sheet,—a winding-sheet which, as the turnkey said, cost so little.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Faria, the beneficent and cheerful companion, with whom he was accustomed to live so intimately, no longer breathed.

Chapter Quiz

What is the central narrative or theme conveyed in this section of Chapter 017: The Abbé’s Chamber?

Which core linguistic virtue or character attribute is emphasized in this passage?

According to the text: "After having passed with tolerable ease through the subterranean...", what tone does the author establish?

Shadowing Practice

Narrator: After having passed with tolerable ease through the subterranean
Narrator: yawning gulf before him, he could not have been more completely