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The Closed Book
The Closed Book

Chapter VI

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Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."
In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.
Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.
In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:
"Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Closed Book

Chapter VI

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."
Line 2
In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.
Line 3
Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.
Line 4
In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:
Line 5
"Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Broken noun US /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.”

Except preposition US /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading “In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:”

Fitted adjective US /ˈfɪtɪd/

prepared and equipped for a particular purpose

From this reading “In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.”

John noun US /john/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “"Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:”

Stood noun US /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.”

Whilst conjunction US /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading “"Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1423

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

abbey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

abode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

abundance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

addressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

afforded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

aia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

Apostle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

appeared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

arches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

bare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

brokennounUS /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

building

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

centre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

confessor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

costly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

cross

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

daw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

decay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

description

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

devotion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

dust

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

ease

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

father

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

fittedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtɪd/

prepared and equipped for a particular purpose

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

floriated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

frowning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

furnished

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

gave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

Godfrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

grace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

grey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

inscription

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

instance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

Johanis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

John

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

learning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

luxury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

magnificence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

marginal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

marks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

mingling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

nations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

Orate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

p

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

pass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

perfect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

Peter

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From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

pointed

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From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

portion

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

possessing

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

prayer

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From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

progress

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From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

remains

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

riches

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

rook

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

rudely

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From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

scarcely

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

seat

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

shelter

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

silently

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

sink

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From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

slab

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From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

smouldering

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

soil

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

soldier-monk

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

St

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From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

stoodnounUS /stood/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

striking

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From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

surely

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From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

symmetry

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From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

ten

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From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

there

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

Thrones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

Tomson

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From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

Tomson's

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From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

tower

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From this reading In 1423 John Tomson gave ten marks for the building of the abbey tower, and it appeared that the marginal inscription was a prayer addressed either to the Apostle St Peter or to John Tomson's father confessor, named Peter.

uncertainty

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From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

unparalleled

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

use

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From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

vessels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

walls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

WhilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading "Whilst in the progress of long decay, Thrones sink to dust, and nations pass away."

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the day when the soldier-monk Godfrey lived there it was the seat of devotion and learning, the abode of luxury and ease, possessing riches in abundance, and vessels for its use of the most costly description; now, except in that portion fitted as a church, it scarcely afforded shelter to a rook or daw, and the last remains of its once almost unparalleled magnificence were smouldering silently and mingling with the soil on which they stood:

words

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From this reading In the centre of the slab was a floriated cross, and the words, "Orate p. aia Johanis Tomson."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Those great bare walls and high pointed arches, grey and frowning, rudely broken, yet perfect in grace and symmetry, surely furnished a striking instance of the uncertainty of all human labours.