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The Blacksmith's Hammer
The Blacksmith's Hammer

Chapter X

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NOMINOE.
The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.
Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.
This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.
Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Blacksmith's Hammer

Chapter X

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NOMINOE.
Line 2
The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.
Line 3
Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.
Line 4
This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.
Line 5
Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.”

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.”

Again noun US /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.”

During preposition US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.”

Long noun US /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.”

Reformation noun US /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading “Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.”

Speak noun US /speak/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

againnounUS /again/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

ancestors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

Brittany

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

burg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

Catholic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

Century

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

church

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

coast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

destroyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

distances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

disturbed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

druid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

Edict

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

equal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

event

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

faith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

families

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

founded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

Henry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

hot-bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

inhabited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

invaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

IV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

Karnak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

later

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

League

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

longnounUS /long/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

lower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

mainly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

Mezlean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

Nantes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

NOMINOE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NOMINOE.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

port

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

promulgation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

Protestant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

quitted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

raised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

reactionary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

rebuilt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

ReformationnounUS /ˌref.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/

The action or process of reforming an institution, practice, or individual's character.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

reformers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

religious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

replaced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This temple, destroyed in the reactionary days of the League, of which lower Brittany was the last hot-bed, was replaced by a Catholic church, and was later again rebuilt after the promulgation of the Edict of Nantes by Henry IV.

situated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

Sixteenth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

speak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

spread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

stones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

subsequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

temple

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

Vannes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

wars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The burg of Mezlean, situated on the coast of Brittany and at about equal distances from the port of Vannes and from the druid stones of Karnak, was inhabited mainly by Protestant families.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Upon that event, and for a long time after, the reformers of Mezlean were not disturbed in the exercise of their faith.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Their ancestors, at the time when the Reformation invaded and spread over Brittany, and subsequently during the religious wars of the Sixteenth Century, had quitted Vannes and founded, so to speak, this burg, in which they raised a temple.