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The Abbatial Crosier
The Abbatial Crosier

Chapter X

Cover illustration for The Abbatial Crosier
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
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IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.
Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.
The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.
Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.
The sun was going down, night was near.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Abbatial Crosier

Chapter X

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.
Line 2
Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.
Line 3
The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.
Line 4
Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.
Line 5
The sun was going down, night was near.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.”

Found noun US /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

Moreover adverb US /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

ABBEY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Arabian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

arrived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

axles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

beak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

Berthoald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

booty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

bridges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Broute-Saule

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

captured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

carts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

claws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

condition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

containing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

convent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

delayed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

delivered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

down

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

environs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

foundnounUS /found/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

frequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Gallic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

going

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

leaving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

march

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

Meriadek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

mud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Nantes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

Narbonne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

near

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

road

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

roads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

route

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

sank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Saturnine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

SIGHT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

sparrow-hawk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

together

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

troop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

warriors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

wheels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

women

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.