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Chapter XVI

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.
Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.
We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.
The Irish leaders cannot fight.
They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Reviews

Chapter XVI

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.
Line 2
Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.
Line 3
We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.
Line 4
The Irish leaders cannot fight.
Line 5
They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Broken noun US /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.”

Either determiner US /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.”

Make noun US /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.”

Ourselves pronoun US /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading “We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

age

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

army

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

brokennounUS /broken/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Irish leaders cannot fight.

character

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

close

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

creed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

cry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

crying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

degeneracy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

fight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Irish leaders cannot fight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

hang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

heads

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

Ireland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

Irish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

keep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

laugh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

leaders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Irish leaders cannot fight.

makenounUS /make/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

occupied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

ourselvespronounUS /aʊərˈselvz/

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

produced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

quickly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

settlements

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

Too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

ungovernable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

union

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.

watching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They can make the country ungovernable, and keep an English army occupied in watching them.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading We Irish must either laugh or cry, and if we went in for crying, we should all hang ourselves.

whiskey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We age quickly in Ireland with the whiskey and the broken heads.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Too close a union with the Irish had produced degeneracy both of character and creed in all the settlements of English.