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Poor Relations
Poor Relations

Chapter XXVII

Cover illustration for Poor Relations
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.
The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.
Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.
But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.
Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Poor Relations

Chapter XXVII

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.
Line 2
The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.
Line 3
Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.
Line 4
But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.
Line 5
Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.”

Magistrates plural noun US /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

civil officers who administer local law

From this reading “Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.”

Outsider noun US /ˌaʊtˈsaɪ.dər/

A person who does not belong to a particular group or community; a stranger.

From this reading “Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

adventitious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

agents

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

appearing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

applied

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

attorneys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

bailiff's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

bailiffs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

barristers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

brokers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

calling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

clerks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

commonly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

Consuming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

councillors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

county

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

court

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

crown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

de

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

depreciatory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

disparaging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

employed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

epithets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

executed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

executioner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

fact

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

fellow-travelers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

finds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

homme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

inferior

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

insult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

jealousy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

judges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

judgment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

jurisconsults

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

Justice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

kind

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

kinds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

ladder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

lawyer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

legal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

loi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

lowest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

Magistratesplural nounUS /ˈmædʒɪstreɪts/

civil officers who administer local law

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

minister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

misrepresent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

Now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

officers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

outsidernounUS /ˌaʊtˈsaɪ.dər/

A person who does not belong to a particular group or community; a stranger.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

procurators

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

profession

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

professional

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

represent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

rungs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

similar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

solicitors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

special

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

term

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Now, the bailiff's man is an outsider, an adventitious minister of justice, appearing to see that judgment is executed; he is, in fact, a kind of inferior executioner employed by the county court.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "lawyer" and the bailiff's men (commonly called "the brokers") are the two lowest rungs of the ladder.

various

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Magistrates, councillors, jurisconsults, judges, barristers, officers for the crown, bailiffs, attorneys, clerks of the court, procurators, solicitors, and agents of various kinds, represent or misrepresent Justice.

walk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Consuming professional jealousy finds similar disparaging epithets for fellow-travelers in every walk of life, and every calling has its special insult.

word

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the word "lawyer" (homme de loi) is a depreciatory term applied to the legal profession.