Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Piping Hot! (Pot-Bouille)
Piping Hot! (Pot-Bouille)

Chapter IX

Cover illustration for Piping Hot! (Pot-Bouille)
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.
On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.
There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.
All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.
“Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Piping Hot! (Pot-Bouille)

Chapter IX

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.
Line 2
On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.
Line 3
There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.
Line 4
All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.
Line 5
“Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.”

Amongst preposition US /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading “All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.”

Dead noun US /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.”

Little noun US /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.”

Waiting noun US /ˈwaiting/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.”

Whilst conjunction US /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading “All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

adjoining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

amongstprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋst/

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

assisted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

Berthe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

blue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

bridesmaids

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

Campardon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

ceremony

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

chairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

color

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

conversing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

costume

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

Dambreville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

deadnounUS /dead/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

drawing-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

dressed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

dressing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

Duveyrier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

early

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

eleven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

finishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

fixed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

honorable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

Hortense

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

Josserand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

Josserands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

Juzeur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

laced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

ladies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

leaves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

littlenounUS /little/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

low

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

Madame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

marriage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

mayor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

murmured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

o'clock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

Oh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

pale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

quarter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

religious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

Saint-Roch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

Saturday

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

scattered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

servant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

silk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

simply

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

taken

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

ten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Oh! it is not that,” murmured Madame Duveyrier; “the family is honorable.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

Thursday

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marriage before the mayor had taken place on the Thursday.

tightly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

tones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were Madame Juzeur, always in black silk; Madame Dambreville, tightly laced in a costume of the color of dead leaves; and Madame Duveyrier, dressed very simply in pale blue.

waiting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On the Saturday morning, as early as a quarter past ten, some ladies were already waiting in the Josserands’ drawing-room, the religious ceremony being fixed for eleven o’clock, at Saint-Roch.

whilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading All three were conversing in low tones amongst the scattered chairs; whilst Madame Josserand was finishing dressing Berthe in the adjoining room, assisted by the servant and the two bridesmaids, Hortense and little Campardon.