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Paula Monti
Paula Monti

Chapter V

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.
M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.
By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.
Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.
His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Paula Monti

Chapter V

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.
Line 2
M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.
Line 3
By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.
Line 4
Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.
Line 5
His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).”

Born noun US /born/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.”

Come noun US /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.”

Fortune noun US /ˈfortune/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.”

Name noun US /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.”

Perseverance noun US /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading “By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.”

Short adjective US /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading “His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.”

Under preposition US /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading “M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1815

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

actor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

appeared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

became

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

Become

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

bornnounUS /born/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

bought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

BRÉVANNES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

Burdin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

comenounUS /come/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

common

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

contracts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

daughter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

DE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

Directory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

estate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

father

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

few

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

fitness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

forces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

fortunenounUS /ˈfortune/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

fortunes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

hazardous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

important

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

Joseph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

Lorraine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

Lyons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

M

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

management

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

namenounUS /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

necessary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

notary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

notorious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

period

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

perseverancenounUS /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

realised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

respect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

Restoration

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

ruined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

seek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔrt/

brief or direct in expression

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

sinking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

speculations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

supply

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

vulgar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Become rich, the name of Burdin appeared vulgar to him, and he bought the estate of _Brévannes_, in Lorraine, called himself for some time Burdin de Brévannes, then sinking the Burdin, became Brévannes only.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading M. de Brévannes' father was named Joseph Burdin: born at Lyons, he had come to seek his fortune at Paris under the Directory.

wealthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

wife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His wife, the daughter of a wealthy notary, who had ruined himself by hazardous speculations, died a short time before the Restoration (1815).

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading M. DE BRÉVANNES A few words are now necessary with respect to M. de Brévannes, an important actor in this history.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By his management, perseverance, and fitness for business, he had, in a few years, realised, by contracts for the supply of the forces, one of those notorious fortunes so common at this period.