Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
adeterminerUS /ə/
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
absorbed
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/
touching and pressing; in opposition to
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
alike
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From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
all
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/
surrounded by; in the middle of a group
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
andeterminerUS /æn/
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
ancestors
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
andconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
anothernounUS /ˈanother/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
arose
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
atprepositionUS /æt/
in or near a particular place or position
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
begannounUS /began/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
byprepositionUS /baɪ/
showing who or what does the action
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
citizens
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
class
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
classes
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
complex
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
day
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From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
DEAR
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From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
development
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From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
differences
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
drawn
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
dukedoms
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
empires
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
equal
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From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
established
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
evolution
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From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
federation
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From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
footing
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
form
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
fought
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
going
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From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
government
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
greatnounUS /great/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
greater
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
grew
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
history
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
human
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From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
interesting
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
ItpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
JUDD
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From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
kingdoms
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
lastnounUS /last/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
lines
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
longnounUS /long/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
members
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
Men
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From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
more
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From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
much
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/
belonging to the person speaking
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
new
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
onprepositionUS /ɑːn/
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
onepronounUS /wʌn/
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/
belonging to the speaker and others
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
owned
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
period
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
plane
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From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
political
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
principalities
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
process
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
race
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
ranged
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
republic
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
republics
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
revolted
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
rights
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
rigidly
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
rulers
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
run
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
see
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/
used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
share
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
small
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
society
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
some
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
standingnounUS /ˈstanding/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
stillnounUS /still/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
stoodnounUS /stood/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
study
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
subjects
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/
of the kind already mentioned
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
then
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
theory
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
theypronounUS /ðeɪ/
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
thingnounUS /thing/
an important story-specific word used in this passage
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
throughnounUS /ˈthrough/
a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
toparticleUS /tuː/
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: It is an interesting thing to study the development of human society through a long period of history.
tribes
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
very
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It was against such a form of society that our ancestors revolted; they had a new theory of government, and established a new form--a republic, owned and run by its citizens, all standing on an equal plane.
wepronounUS /wiː/
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/
the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading Men began in small tribes, in which they were very much alike, and stood on an equal footing.
willmodal verbUS /wɪl/
used to talk about the future, or about willingness
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
withprepositionUS /wɪð/
in the company of; together with
From this reading These tribes fought, and absorbed one another, and grew more complex, with greater differences among the members; dukedoms and principalities arose, and then kingdoms, and at last great empires, with rulers and subjects ranged in classes, and the class lines rigidly drawn.
world
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
world-wide
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The process of evolution in the political world is still going on, and some day we shall see a world-wide federation of republics, in which the human race will share equal rights.
