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Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter XII

Cover illustration for Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.
I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.
That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.
Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.
You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter XII

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.
Line 2
I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.
Line 3
That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.
Line 4
Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.
Line 5
You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Entirely noun US /ˈentirely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.”

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.”

Partly noun US /partly/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.”

Till preposition US /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

board

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

chips

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

clear

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

colossal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

DEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

disease

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

ended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

entirelynounUS /ˈentirely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

few

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

freeze-out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

game

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

got

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

grown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

JUDD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

live

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

lose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

lost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

lots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

naughty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

partly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

played

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

players

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

poker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

position

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

realize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

recall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

rent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

system

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

ThosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

times

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

unusual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

winter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading That is our social system--a colossal game of “freeze-out,” with winter and disease and death to clear the players from the board.

worker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You, Judd, must realize that you are in an unusual position for a worker grown old; you own two lots and three houses, and can live partly on the rent.

workers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Those who lose at the game are the workers of the world.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I recall a game known as “freeze-out”; you played till you lost all your money, and the game ended entirely when one man got all the chips.

youth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: I don’t know whether you ever played poker, but I did a few times in my naughty youth.