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Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter XI

Cover illustration for Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.
There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.
Let us see what happens to them there.
Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.
At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter XI

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.
Line 2
There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.
Line 3
Let us see what happens to them there.
Line 4
Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.
Line 5
At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Against preposition US /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.”

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.”

Let auxiliary verb US /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading “Let us see what happens to them there.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.”

Right noun US /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.”

Seeing noun US /seeing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.”

Went noun US /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

action

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

combination

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

combine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

combining

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

crime

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

DEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

employers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

granted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

happens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Let us see what happens to them there.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

jail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

JUDD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

labor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

larger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Let us see what happens to them there.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

market

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

meeting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

naturally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

occurred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

organizations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

politics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

protect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

rightnounUS /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

see

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Let us see what happens to them there.

Seeing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

seen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

sell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

struggle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

struggling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

success

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Let us see what happens to them there.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

unit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Let us see what happens to them there.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

wentnounUS /went/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Let us see what happens to them there.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There is another place where they struggle--in the labor market.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We have seen the poor struggling to protect themselves against the rich in the field of politics, and meeting with no great success.

workers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Seeing the employers combining into larger and larger organizations, it naturally occurred to the workers to combine, and sell their labor as a unit.

working

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At first the employers made this action a crime, and a great many working men went to jail, before the right of labor combination was granted.