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Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter X

Cover illustration for Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.
Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.
And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.
All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.
It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter X

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.
Line 2
Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.
Line 3
And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.
Line 4
All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.
Line 5
It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Believe noun US /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.”

Good noun US /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.”

Right noun US /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.”

Sometimes noun US /sometimes/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.”

Understand noun US /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

affairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

based

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

believenounUS /ˈbelieve/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

calculations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

DEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

descendants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

dividends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

draw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

easy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

economic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

favored

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

flow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

goodnounUS /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

guaranteed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

Hundreds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

idea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

interest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

inviolable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

JUDD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

labor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

means

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

off

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

ones

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

overwhelm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

people's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

permanent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

political

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

privilege

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

profits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

property

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

rightnounUS /right/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

rights

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

sacredness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

society

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

sometimes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

state

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

stream

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

teachings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

thousands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading And this flow is guaranteed them for life, and to their descendants to the end of time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

understandnounUS /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It is easy to understand that the favored ones of privilege believe in the sacredness of such rights.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading All our political teachings, all our economic calculations, are based upon the idea that this state of affairs is permanent; the right of property to draw interest, dividends and profits is inviolable.

useful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hundreds of thousands of people do not have to do useful labor in our society; they draw off the profits of other people’s labor, and the good things of life flow to them in a stream so great as sometimes to overwhelm them.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.

word

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: We know by now what the word “privilege” means.