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Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.
I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.
The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.
It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.
He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.
Line 2
I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.
Line 3
The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.
Line 4
It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.
Line 5
He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.”

Along preposition US /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading “He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.”

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.”

Hands plural noun US /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading “The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.”

Ignorant noun US /ˈignorant/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.”

Name noun US /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.”

Tell noun US /tell/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.”

Took noun US /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.”

Understand noun US /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

becoming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

big

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

block

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

boss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

bosses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

break

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

certain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

chieftain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

cities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

City

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

city's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

corrupt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

corruption

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

Croker

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

crowded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

DEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

delivered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

didn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

employes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

explanation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

figure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

financial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

firm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

foreigners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

gave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

given

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

Hall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

handsplural nounUS /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

happened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

hideous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

ignorantnounUS /ˈignorant/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

institutions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

JUDD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

learned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

line

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

lived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

lives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

made

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

millionaires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

namenounUS /name/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

naturally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

New

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

office

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

officials

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

parties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

patronize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

political

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

politics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

relative

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

ruin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

school

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

sold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

stock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

suffice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

Tammany

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

tellnounUS /tell/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

tooknounUS /took/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

tried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

trying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

understandnounUS /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

votes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

wanted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He wanted to break into New York, so he opened an office, and gave a big block of stock to Richard Croker, at that time boss of Tammany Hall; he made another Tammany chieftain the head of his New York office--and that was all there was to it, he was “in,” and his firm took over the city’s business along that line, and all city officials and employes were given to understand that they must patronize it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The explanation given me in school was that it was the ignorant foreigners who crowded into our cities; they didn’t understand our institutions, they sold their votes, and delivered our political parties into the hands of bosses.

why

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

won't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened that I had a certain relative--I won’t tell his name, suffice it that he was a financial man, on his way to becoming one of our great millionaires.

York

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I lived in New York City, and saw that corruption all about me, and the hideous ruin of human lives; naturally I tried to figure out why these things had to be.

youth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: When I was a youth, trying to find out about my country, one of the first things I learned was that its politics were corrupt.