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Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter VI

Cover illustration for Letters to Judd, an American Workingman
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.
The government has to have money, like any other business.
We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.
But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.
Among these ways is the “protective tariff.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Letters to Judd, an American Workingman

Chapter VI

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.
Line 2
The government has to have money, like any other business.
Line 3
We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.
Line 4
But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.
Line 5
Among these ways is the “protective tariff.”

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “Among these ways is the “protective tariff.””

Anything pronoun US /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading “But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “The government has to have money, like any other business.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The government has to have money, like any other business.”

Honest adjective US /ˈɑnɪst/

truthful and trustworthy

From this reading “But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.”

Nobody pronoun US /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading “But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.”

Therefore adverb US /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading “But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Among these ways is the “protective tariff.””

Thing noun US /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.”

Understand noun US /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among these ways is the “protective tariff.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

calculated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

called

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

DEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

desire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

devise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

getting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

government

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

haven't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑnɪst/

truthful and trustworthy

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

honestly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

indirect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

JUDD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

knowing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

money

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

MYdeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

openly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The government has to have money, like any other business.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

pay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

pockets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

politicians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

proper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

protective

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among these ways is the “protective tariff.”

put

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

rich

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

services

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

share

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading We all desire government services, and should pay our proper share, honestly and openly calculated.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

system

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

tariff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

taxes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Among these ways is the “protective tariff.”

thingnounUS /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

understandnounUS /understand/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

unpopular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

want

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

wants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

ways

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

wits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.

works

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MY DEAR JUDD: The next thing we want to understand is the tariff, and how that works to take money out of the pockets of the poor and put it into the pockets of the rich.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But we haven’t an honest government, nor an honest social system; nobody wants to pay his share of anything, and taxes are unpopular; therefore the politicians put their wits to work and devise what are called “indirect taxes,” ways of getting your money without your knowing it.