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Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette
Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Chapter XXVII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.
This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.
These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.
In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.
Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Chapter XXVII

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.
Line 2
This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.
Line 3
These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.
Line 4
In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.
Line 5
Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1425

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

1824

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

Alcala

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

Any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

attached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

belonging

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

Benedict

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

Benedictines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

Bernard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

Bernardine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

Bernardines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

Bernardo-Benedictines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

brothers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

Citeaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

Clairvaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

community

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

congregation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

consequently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

convent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

existed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

folios

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

founded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

headquarters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

knows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

MARTIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

OBEDIENCE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.

offshoot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

Picpus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

prior

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

Rue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

Saint

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

Salamanca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

subjects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

turned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

VERGA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE OBEDIENCE OF MARTIN VERGA.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These Bernardines, consequently, were not attached to Clairvaux, like the Bernardine brothers, but to Citeaux, like the Benedictines.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Any one who has at all turned over folios knows that Martin Verga founded, in 1425, a congregation of Bernardo-Benedictines, whose headquarters were Salamanca, and which had Alcala as an offshoot.

words

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In other words, they were subjects, not of Saint Bernard, but of Saint Benedict.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This convent, which had existed for many years prior to 1824 in the Rue Picpus, was a community of Bernardines belonging to the obedience of Martin Verga.