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Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette
Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Chapter XXI

Cover illustration for Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.
An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.
It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.
He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.
Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Les Misérables, V. 2/5: Cosette

Chapter XXI

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.
Line 2
An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.
Line 3
It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.
Line 4
He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.
Line 5
Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

Here noun US /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

Memory noun US /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading “Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.”

Need noun US /need/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.”

Observation noun US /ˈobservation/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.”

Owing noun US /owing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

absent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

allude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

author

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

birth-place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

carried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

city

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

demolitions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

extent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

follow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

fond

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

forced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

herenounUS /here/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

hour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

mental

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

necessary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

neednounUS /need/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He need not say that he is fond of Paris, for it is his mental birth-place.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

observationnounUS /ˈobservation/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

Owing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

pages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

past

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

present

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

rebuilding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

regrets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

religiously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

say

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

sprung

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

STRATEGIC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

transformed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

unknown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading An observation is necessary here about the present pages and others which will follow.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

years

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is now many years that the author of this work--forced, he regrets to say, to allude to himself--has been absent from Paris, and since he left that city it has been transformed, and a new city has sprung up, which is to some extent unknown to him.

youth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Owing to demolitions and rebuilding, the Paris of his youth, the Paris which he religiously carried away in his memory, is at this hour a Paris of the past.

ZIGZAGS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STRATEGIC ZIGZAGS.