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John Barleycorn
John Barleycorn

Chapter XIX

Cover illustration for John Barleycorn
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.
Louis did not drink.
Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.
We were healthy, normal, non-alcoholic.
Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

John Barleycorn

Chapter XIX

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.
Line 2
Louis did not drink.
Line 3
Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.
Line 4
We were healthy, normal, non-alcoholic.
Line 5
Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.”

Drink noun US /drink/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.”

Neither determiner US /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading “Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.”

Never noun US /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.”

All words in this reading · 42

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

afforded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

alcoholic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

desire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

drink

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

drinking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

drunk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

healthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were healthy, normal, non-alcoholic.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

Louis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Louis did not drink.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

NeitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

nevernounUS /never/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

non-alcoholic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were healthy, normal, non-alcoholic.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

normal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were healthy, normal, non-alcoholic.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

significant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Neither he nor I could afford it; but, more significant than that, we had no desire to drink.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were healthy, normal, non-alcoholic.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When I was with people who did not drink, I never thought of drinking.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had we been alcoholic, we would have drunk whether or not we could have afforded it.