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Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel
Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel

Chapter XXIII

Cover illustration for Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.
For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.
She was bad—she knew that.
She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.
If only she had had more courage!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Jennie Gerhardt: A Novel

Chapter XXIII

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.
Line 2
For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.
Line 3
She was bad—she knew that.
Line 4
She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.
Line 5
If only she had had more courage!

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.”

Life noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.”

Meantime noun US /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the period of time while something else is happening

From this reading “In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.”

Through noun US /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

afflicted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

aside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

attitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

bad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was bad—she knew that.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

circumstances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

courage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If only she had had more courage!

crisis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

differently

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

force

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

fought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

going

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

greatly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If only she had had more courage!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

Jennie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

knew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was bad—she knew that.

lifenounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

meantimenounUS /ˈmiːntaɪm/

the period of time while something else is happening

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

moral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If only she had had more courage!

occasions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If only she had had more courage!

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

realized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading She was bad—she knew that.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

throughnounUS /ˈthrough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading In the meantime Jennie had been going through a moral crisis of her own.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She was bad—she knew that.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the first time in her life, aside from the family attitude, which had afflicted her greatly, she realized what the world thought of her.

yielded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had yielded on two occasions to the force of circumstances which might have been fought out differently.