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Initial Studies in American Letters
Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter VII

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Context Illustration Reading 1/421 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LITERATURE SINCE 1861.
A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.
It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.
As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.
All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter VII

Reading 1/421 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LITERATURE SINCE 1861.
Line 2
A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.
Line 3
It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.
Line 4
As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.
Line 5
All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Already noun US /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.”

Although noun US /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Except preposition US /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading “All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.”

Forward noun US /forward/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Fourth noun US /fourth/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.”

Hands plural noun US /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.”

Know noun US /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.”

Passed noun US /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Remember verb US /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Second noun US /second/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.”

SINCE preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “LITERATURE SINCE 1861.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Take noun US /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1849

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

1859

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE SINCE 1861.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

affairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

age

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

All

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

alreadynounUS /already/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

althoughnounUS /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

appeared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

authors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

break

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

chapters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

civil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

clearly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

close

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

coming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

conflict

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

daily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

definite

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

described

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

enough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

events

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

forwardnounUS /forward/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

fourthnounUS /fourth/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

generation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

handsplural nounUS /hændz/

members of a ship’s crew

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

Hawthorne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

important

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

knownounUS /know/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

largely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

literary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

LITERATURE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITERATURE SINCE 1861.

mainly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

makes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

manhood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

middle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

nearly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

new

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

number

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

old

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

outbreak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

passednounUS /passed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

places

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

Poe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

Prescott

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

reached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

Rebellion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

respectively

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From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

schools

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From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

second

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

SINCEprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading LITERATURE SINCE 1861.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

stirring

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From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

survived

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

takenounUS /take/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

tendencies

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From this reading It makes a definite break in the history of our literature, and a number of new literary schools and tendencies have appeared since its close.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

Thoreau

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From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

tradition

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From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

war

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From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

writers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As to the literature of the war itself, it was largely the work of writers who had already reached or passed middle age.

years

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From this reading All of the more important authors described in the last three chapters survived the Rebellion except Poe, who died in 1849, Prescott, who died in 1859, and Thoreau and Hawthorne, who died in the second and fourth years of the war, respectively.

younger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A generation has nearly passed since the outbreak of the civil war, and although public affairs are still mainly in the hands of men who had reached manhood before the conflict opened, or who were old enough at that time to remember clearly its stirring events, the younger men who are daily coming forward to take their places know it only by tradition.