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Initial Studies in American Letters
Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter I

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
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New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.
It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.
PREFACE.
This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.
In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Initial Studies in American Letters

Chapter I

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.
Line 2
It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.
Line 3
PREFACE.
Line 4
This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.
Line 5
In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Books noun US /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading “New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.”

Council noun US /council/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.”

However adverb US /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading “It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.”

Must modal verb US /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.”

Recommendation noun US /ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/

a quality or fact that makes someone or something suitable

From this reading “It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.”

Required noun US /required/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.”

Same noun US /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

150

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

aiming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

approval

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

Avenue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

C

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

Chaucer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

Chautauqua

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

Circle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

companion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

contained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

continuous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

CouncilnounUS /council/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

Department

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

doctrine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

elementary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

entitled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

essay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

Fifth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

followed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

form

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

historical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

intended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

involve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

L

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

lastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

literature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

manual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

member

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

New

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

plan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

PREFACE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PREFACE.

present

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

Press

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

primer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

principle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

published

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

rather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

recommendationnounUS /ˌrɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/

a quality or fact that makes someone or something suitable

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

recommended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

requirednounUS /required/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

samenounUS /same/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

Six

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

sketch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

sort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

subject

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

Tennyson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

understood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended.

volume

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

writing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In writing it I have followed the same plan, aiming to present the subject in a sort of continuous essay rather than in the form of a "primer" or elementary manual.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This volume is intended as a companion to the historical sketch of English literature, entitled _From Chaucer to Tennyson_, published last year for the Chautauqua Circle.

York

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading New York Chautauqua Press C. L. S. C. Department, 150 Fifth Avenue The required books of the C. L. S. C. are recommended by a Council of Six.