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Grif: A Story of Australian Life
Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Chapter VIII

Cover illustration for Grif: A Story of Australian Life
Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.
Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.
The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.
Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.
The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Grif: A Story of Australian Life

Chapter VIII

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.
Line 2
Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.
Line 3
The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.
Line 4
Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.
Line 5
The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.”

Although noun US /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.”

Being auxiliary verb US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading “The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.”

LIFE noun US /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.”

Poor noun US /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.”

Rest noun US /rest/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.”

Thing noun US /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.”

Thought noun US /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

althoughnounUS /ˈalthough/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

amusement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

associate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

birth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

bone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

circumstance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

considered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

depended

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.

dog

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

fellows

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

gathering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

gregariously

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

GRIF

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

grovelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

humble

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

hungry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

inclined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

item

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.

ladder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

LIFEnounUS /life/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

loved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

lowest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

member

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

mob

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Being gregariously inclined, he was to be depended upon as an item in a mob.

MORAL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

nature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

object

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

offered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

opportunity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

placed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

politics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

poornounUS /poor/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

prowling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

rang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

religion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

restnounUS /rest/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

searching

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

SET

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

SHOEBLACK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

species

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

striving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

thingnounUS /thing/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

thoughtnounUS /thought/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

UP

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GRIF IS SET UP IN LIFE AS A MORAL SHOEBLACK.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

upwards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The circumstance of birth had placed him upon the lowest rang of the social ladder, and, being grovelling by nature, he had no thought of striving upwards, and was always prowling about, like a hungry dog searching for a bone.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The object of a gathering of people was not a thing to be considered--politics, religion, amusement, were all one to him.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Grif, although but a poor and humble member of the human family, was as gregariously inclined as the rest of his species, and loved, when opportunity offered, to associate with his fellows.